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Ashta Pradhan
The Ashta Pradhan (Marathi: ) (also termed Asta Pradhad or the Council of 8) was a council of eight ministers that administered the Maratha empire. The council was formed in 1674 by their king, Shivaji.
The term ''Ashta Pradhan'' literally translates to "the Prime Eight", from the Sanskrit ''ashta'' ("eight") and ''pradhan'' ("prime"). The body discharged the functions of a modern council of ministers; this is regarded as one of the first successful instances of ministerial delegation in India. The council is credited with having implemented good governance practices in the Maratha heartland, as well as for the success of the military campaigns against the Mughal Empire.
== Constitution ==
The coronation of Shivaji was held in 1674, at the fort of Raigad in present-day Indian state of Maharashtra. On that occasion, Shivaji formalized the institution of a council of eight ministers to guide the administration of his nascent state. This council came to be known as the ''Ashta Pradhan''. Each of the ministers was placed in charge of an administrative department; thus, the council heralded the birth of a bureaucracy.
The formalization of an administrative mechanism was of a piece with other measures, indicative of the formalization of a sovereign state, which were implemented on the occasion of Shivaji's coronation: coinage bearing Shivaji's insignia (the copper ''Shivrai'' and the gold ''hon'') were issued, and a new era, the ''Rajyabhishek era,'' was proclaimed on the occasion.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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